{"id":7595,"date":"2026-06-20T08:43:33","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T08:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gothi.gov.eg\/?page_id=7595"},"modified":"2026-06-20T08:48:23","modified_gmt":"2026-06-20T08:48:23","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gothi.gov.eg\/?page_id=7595","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7595\" class=\"elementor elementor-7595\" 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lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<div>\n<table dir=\"rtl\" border=\"1\" width=\"767\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">1<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 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\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">4<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">5<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">6<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u064e \u2013\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">7<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u064e \u2013 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">8<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">9<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">10<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f. \u0645\u0649\u00a0 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">11<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f\/ \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u2013\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 &#8211;\u00a0 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">12<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">13<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636- \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0631<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">14<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">15<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u062f\/ \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">16<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0639\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"767\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">17<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f\/ \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d 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dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"ui-e-accordion-item ui-e-item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ui-e-acc-2\" id=\"ui-e-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85\">\n\n                    <h5 class=\"ui-e-accordion-title ui-e-title ui-right\">\n\n                                         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130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>                                    <\/span>\n                                \n                            <\/span>\n                        \n                                                <span class=\"ui-e-accordion-title-text ui-e-title-text\" >\n                                                        \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629                        <\/span>\n\n                    <\/h5>\n\n                    <div class=\"ui-e-accordion-content ui-e-content\" style=\"display:none;\" aria-labelledby=\"ui-e-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85\" id=\"ui-e-acc-2\">\n                        <div id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781943976813_23\" class=\"activity-header\" data-for=\"page-activity-header\">\n<div id=\"intro\" class=\"activity-description\">\n<div id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781943976813_22\" class=\"no-overflow\">\n<h5 id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781943976813_21\">&#8220;last update: 28 Sept. 2025&#8221;<span id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781943976813_20\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><u><a title=\"\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/lms.ehc.gov.eg\/lms\/pluginfile.php\/1380\/mod_book\/intro\/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%20%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%B9%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%84.pdf\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/u><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mod_book-chaptersnavigation\">\n<div class=\"container-fluid tertiary-navigation\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"navitem ms-auto\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mod_book-chapter\" class=\"box py-3 generalbox book_content\">\n<h3 class=\" ccnMdlHeading\">&#8211; \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"no-overflow\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u062f\/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211; \u062f\/ \u0643\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<div>\n<table dir=\"rtl\" border=\"1\" width=\"767\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">1<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">2<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \/ \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u00a0 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">4<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">5<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">6<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u064e \u2013\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">7<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u064e \u2013 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">8<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">9<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">10<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f. \u0645\u0649\u00a0 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">11<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f\/ \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u2013\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 &#8211;\u00a0 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">12<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">13<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636- \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0631<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">14<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">15<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u062f\/ \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">16<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0639\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"767\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">17<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f\/ \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0632\u0642<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">18<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"ui-e-accordion-item ui-e-item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ui-e-acc-3\" id=\"ui-e-%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a\">\n\n                    <h5 class=\"ui-e-accordion-title ui-e-title ui-right\">\n\n                                           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aria-labelledby=\"ui-e-%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a\" id=\"ui-e-acc-3\">\n                        <div id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781944090522_23\" class=\"activity-header\" data-for=\"page-activity-header\">\n<div id=\"intro\" class=\"activity-description\">\n<div id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781944090522_22\" class=\"no-overflow\">\n<h5 id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781944090522_21\">&#8220;last update: 28 Sept. 2025&#8221;<span id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781944090522_20\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><u><a title=\"\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/lms.ehc.gov.eg\/lms\/pluginfile.php\/1381\/mod_book\/intro\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%20%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B6%20-%20%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%84.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/u><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mod_book-chaptersnavigation\">\n<div class=\"container-fluid tertiary-navigation\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"navitem ms-auto\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mod_book-chapter\" class=\"box py-3 generalbox book_content\">\n<h3 class=\" ccnMdlHeading\">&#8211; \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"no-overflow\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u062f\/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211; \u062f\/ \u0643\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<div>\n<table dir=\"rtl\" border=\"1\" width=\"767\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">1<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">2<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \/ \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u00a0 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">4<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">5<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">6<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u064e \u2013\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">7<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u064e \u2013 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">8<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">9<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">10<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f. \u0645\u0649\u00a0 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">11<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f\/ \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u2013\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 &#8211;\u00a0 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">12<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">13<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636- \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0631<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">14<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">15<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u062f\/ \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">16<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0639\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"767\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">17<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f\/ \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0632\u0642<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">18<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<br \/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mt-5 mb-5 activity-navigation\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-4\">\n<div class=\"float-left ui_kit_btn\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-4\">\n<div class=\"mdl-align\">\n<div class=\"urlselect\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"ui-e-accordion-item ui-e-item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ui-e-acc-4\" id=\"ui-e-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%a9\">\n\n                    <h5 class=\"ui-e-accordion-title ui-e-title ui-right\">\n\n                                                    <span class=\"ui-e-accordion-icon ui-e-icon ui-e-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n                                <span class=\"ui-e-accordion-icon-closed\">\n                                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>                                <\/span>\n\n                                    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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629                        <\/span>\n\n                    <\/h5>\n\n                    <div class=\"ui-e-accordion-content ui-e-content\" style=\"display:none;\" aria-labelledby=\"ui-e-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%a9\" id=\"ui-e-acc-4\">\n                        <div id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781944122010_23\" class=\"activity-header\" data-for=\"page-activity-header\">\n<div id=\"intro\" class=\"activity-description\">\n<div id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781944122010_22\" class=\"no-overflow\">\n<h5 id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781944122010_21\">&#8220;last update: 28 Sept. 2025&#8221;<span id=\"yui_3_18_1_1_1781944122010_20\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><u><a title=\"\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/lms.ehc.gov.eg\/lms\/pluginfile.php\/1382\/mod_book\/intro\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%20%20%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%28Autosaved%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/u><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mod_book-chaptersnavigation\">\n<div class=\"container-fluid tertiary-navigation\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"navitem ms-auto\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mod_book-chapter\" class=\"box py-3 generalbox book_content\">\n<h3 class=\" ccnMdlHeading\">&#8211; \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"no-overflow\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u062f\/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211; \u062f\/ \u0643\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<div>\n<table dir=\"rtl\" border=\"1\" width=\"767\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">1<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">2<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \/ \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u00a0 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">4<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">5<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u062f \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">6<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u064e \u2013\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">7<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u064e \u2013 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">8<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">9<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">10<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f. \u0645\u0649\u00a0 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span dir=\"LTR\">11<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f\/ \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u2013\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 &#8211;\u00a0 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">12<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">13<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636- \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0631<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">14<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">15<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623.\u062f\/ \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">16<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0639\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"767\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">17<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-EG\">\u062f\/ \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0632\u0642<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"36\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">18<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"258\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u062f\/ \u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0649<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"474\">\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><b><span lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<br \/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mt-5 mb-5 activity-navigation\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-4\">\n<div class=\"float-left ui_kit_btn\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-4\">\n<div class=\"mdl-align\">\n<div class=\"urlselect\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 &#8220;last update: 28 Sept. 2025&#8221;\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7595","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gothi.gov.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gothi.gov.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gothi.gov.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gothi.gov.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gothi.gov.eg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7595"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/gothi.gov.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7606,"href":"https:\/\/gothi.gov.eg\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7595\/revisions\/7606"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gothi.gov.eg\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}